Lawrence Fisher, PhD, ABPP

RECALL FACULTY
Family Community Medicine
+1 415 476-5403
Publications: 

Evaluating a mental health support mobile app for adults with type 1 diabetes living in rural and remote communities: The REACHOUT pilot study.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association

Tang TS, Klein G, Görges M, Yip A, Fisher L, Polonsky WH, Hessler D, Taylor D

Bringing the assessment and treatment of diabetes distress into the real world of clinical care: Time for a shift in perspective.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association

Fisher L, Guzman S, Polonsky W, Hessler D

EMBARK: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Three Approaches to Reducing Diabetes Distress and Improving HbA1c in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Diabetes care

Hessler DM, Fisher L, Guzman S, Strycker L, Polonsky WH, Ahmann A, Aleppo G, Argento NB, Henske J, Kim S, Stephens E, Greenberg K, Masharani U

Towards the standardisation of adult person-reported outcome domains in diabetes research: A Consensus Statement development panel.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association

Barnard-Kelly K, Marrero D, de Wit M, Pouwer F, Khunti K, Hermans N, Pierce JS, Laffel L, Holt RIG, Battelino T, Naranjo D, Fosbury J, Fisher L, Polonsky W, Weissberg-Benchell J, Hood KK, Schnell O, Messer LH, Danne T, Nimri R, Skovlund SE, Mader JK, Sherr JL, Schatz D, O'Neill S, Doble E, Town M, Lange K, de Beaufort C, Gonder-Frederick L, Jaser SS, Liberman A, Klonoff D, ElSayed NA, Bannuru RR, Parkin CG, Snoek F

A novel approach to understanding and assessing the emotional side of type 1 diabetes: The Type 1-Diabetes Distress Assessment System.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association

Fisher L, Polonsky W, Naranjo D, Strycker L, Hessler D

Training peers to deliver mental health support to adults with type 1 diabetes using the REACHOUT mobile app.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association

Tang TS, Yip AKW, Klein G, Moore L, Hessler D, Polonsky WH, Fisher L

The Hypoglycemic Fear Syndrome: Understanding and Addressing This Common Clinical Problem in Adults With Diabetes.

Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association

Polonsky WH, Guzman SJ, Fisher L

Development and validation of fear of hypoglycemia screener: results from the T1D exchange registry.

Journal of patient-reported outcomes

Liu J, Poon JL, Bispham J, Perez-Nieves M, Hughes A, Chapman K, Mitchell B, Hood K, Snoek F, Fisher L

A new perspective on diabetes distress using the type 2 diabetes distress assessment system (T2-DDAS): Prevalence and change over time.

Journal of diabetes and its complications

Fisher L, Polonsky WH, Perez-Nieves M, Desai U, Strycker L, Hessler D

The ubiquity of diabetes distress among adults with type 1 diabetes in an urban, academic practice: a template for intervention.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association

Masharani U, Strycker LA, Fisher L

Toward a more comprehensive understanding of the emotional side of type 2 diabetes: A re-envisioning of the assessment of diabetes distress.

Journal of diabetes and its complications

Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Hessler D, Desai U, King SB, Perez-Nieves M

Personal Continuous Glucose Monitoring Use Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Clinical Efficacy and Economic Impacts.

Current diabetes reports

Oser TK, Litchman ML, Allen NA, Kwan BM, Fisher L, Jortberg BT, Polonsky WH, Oser SM

How Frequently and for How Long Do Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Use Management Apps? The REALL Study.

Journal of diabetes science and technology

Fisher L, Fortmann AL, Florissi C, Stoner K, Knaebel J, Stuhr A

Examining Variations in Action Plan Quality Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care.

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM

Kjaer PH, Fisher L, Potter MB, Dedhia M, Parra J, Ejskjaer N, Skovlund S, Hessler D

The early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: A national cohort study.

Journal of diabetes and its complications

Fisher L, Polonsky W, Asuni A, Jolly Y, Hessler D

Basal Insulin Initiation and Maintenance in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the United States.

Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy

Kalirai S, Ivanova JI, Perez-Nieves M, Stephenson JJ, Hadjiyianni I, Grabner M, Pollom RD, Geremakis C, Reed BL, Fisher L

Successful Health Care Provider Strategies to Overcome Psychological Insulin Resistance in United States and Canada.

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM

Tang T, Hessler D, Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Reed B, Irani T, Desai U, Perez-Nieves M

Key factors for overcoming psychological insulin resistance: an examination of patient perspectives through content analysis.

BMJ open diabetes research & care

Stuckey H, Fisher L, Polonsky WH, Hessler D, Snoek FJ, Tang TS, Hermanns N, Mundet-Tuduri X, da Silva MER, Sturt J, Okazaki K, Cao D, Hadjiyianni I, Ivanova JI, Desai U, Perez-Nieves M

The importance of relationship processes for lowering BMI over time in women with type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial.

Obesity research & clinical practice

Yorgason JB, Sandberg JG, Weinstock RS, Trief PM, Fisher L, Hessler D

Economic costs of implementing group interventions to reduce diabetes distress in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the T1-REDEEM trial.

Journal of diabetes and its complications

Shumway M, Fisher L, Hessler D, Bowyer V, Polonsky WH, Masharani U

Successful Healthcare Provider Strategies to Overcome Psychological Insulin Resistance in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders

Okazaki K, Shingaki T, Cai Z, Perez-Nieves M, Fisher L

A Cluster Randomized Trial Comparing Strategies for Translating Self-Management Support into Primary Care Practices.

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM

Dickinson WP, Dickinson LM, Jortberg BT, Hessler DM, Fernald DH, Cuffney M, Fisher L

Practice Characteristics Associated with Better Implementation of Patient Self-Management Support.

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM

Jortberg BT, Fernald DH, Hessler DM, Dickinson LM, Wearner R, Connelly L, Holtrop JS, Fisher L, Dickinson WP

Toward effective interventions to reduce diabetes distress among adults with type 1 diabetes: Enhancing?Emotion regulation and cognitive skills.

Patient education and counseling

Fisher L, Hessler D, Polonsky W, Strycker L, Bowyer V, Masharani U

Identifying solutions to psychological insulin resistance: An international study.

Journal of diabetes and its complications

Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Hessler D, Stuckey H, Snoek FJ, Tang T, Hermanns N, Mundet X, Silva M, Sturt J, Okazaki K, Hadjiyianni I, Cao D, Ivanova J, Desai U, Perez-Nieves M

Recruiting Primary Care Practices for Research: Reflections and Reminders.

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM

Fernald DH, Jortberg BT, Hessler DM, Wearner R, Dickinson LM, Fisher L, Dickinson WP

Evaluating a Glucose-Sensor-Based Tool to Help Clinicians and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Improve Self-Management Skills.

Journal of diabetes science and technology

Toschi E, Fisher L, Wolpert H, Love M, Dunn T, Hayter G

A protocol for a cluster randomized trial comparing strategies for translating self-management support into primary care practices.

BMC family practice

Dickinson WP, Dickinson LM, Jortberg BT, Hessler DM, Fernald DH, Fisher L

T1-REDEEM: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Diabetes Distress Among Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Diabetes care

Fisher L, Hessler D, Polonsky WH, Masharani U, Guzman S, Bowyer V, Strycker L, Ahmann A, Basina M, Blumer I, Chloe C, Kim S, Peters AL, Shumway M, Weihs K, Wu P

Impact of an Automated Bihormonal Delivery System on Psychosocial Outcomes in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.

Diabetes technology & therapeutics

Weissberg-Benchell J, Hessler D, Fisher L, Russell SJ, Polonsky WH

Primary care physician perspectives on basal insulin initiation and maintenance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Primary care diabetes

Kalirai S, Stephenson J, Perez-Nieves M, Grabner M, Hadjiyianni I, Geremakis C, Pollom RD, Reed B, Fisher L

Initiating insulin: How to help people with type 2 diabetes start and continue insulin successfully.

International journal of clinical practice

Polonsky WH, Arsenault J, Fisher L, Kushner P, Miller EM, Pearson TL, Tracz M, Harris S, Hermanns N, Scholz BM, Pollom RK, Perez-Nieves M, Pollom RD, Hadjiyianni I

Emotion regulation contributes to the development of diabetes distress among adults with type 1 diabetes.

Patient education and counseling

Fisher L, Hessler D, Polonsky W, Strycker L, Guzman S, Bowyer V, Blumer I, Masharani U

Does Length of Relationship or Gender Predict Response to Behavioral Diabetes Intervention?

The Diabetes educator

Sandberg J, Yorgason JB, Fisher L, Weinstock RS, Hessler D, Dimmock J, Trief PM

Investigating Hypoglycemic Confidence in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.

Diabetes technology & therapeutics

Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Hessler D, Edelman SV

Assessing quality of life in diabetes: II - Deconstructing measures into a simple framework.

Diabetes research and clinical practice

Tang TS, Yusuf FLA, Polonsky WH, Fisher L

Psychosocial Impact of the Bionic Pancreas During Summer Camp.

Journal of diabetes science and technology

Weissberg-Benchell J, Hessler D, Polonsky WH, Fisher L

Applying the COM-B model to creation of an IT-enabled health coaching and resource linkage program for low-income Latina moms with recent gestational diabetes: the STAR MAMA program.

Implementation science : IS

Handley MA, Harleman E, Gonzalez-Mendez E, Stotland NE, Althavale P, Fisher L, Martinez D, Ko J, Sausjord I, Rios C

Diabetes distress in adults with type 1 diabetes: Prevalence, incidence and change over time.

Journal of diabetes and its complications

Fisher L, Hessler D, Polonsky W, Strycker L, Masharani U, Peters A

Understanding the Areas and Correlates of Diabetes-Related Distress in Parents of Teens With Type 1 Diabetes.

Journal of pediatric psychology

Hessler D, Fisher L, Polonsky W, Johnson N

Emotional Distress in the Partners of Type 1 Diabetes Adults: Worries About Hypoglycemia and Other Key Concerns.

Diabetes technology & therapeutics

Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Hessler D, Johnson N

A Mobile Health Intervention Supporting Heart Failure Patients and Their Informal Caregivers: A Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial.

Journal of medical Internet research

Piette JD, Striplin D, Marinec N, Chen J, Trivedi RB, Aron DC, Fisher L, Aikens JE

Development of a New Measure for Assessing Glucose Monitoring Device-Related Treatment Satisfaction and Quality of Life.

Diabetes technology & therapeutics

Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Hessler D, Edelman SV

Understanding the sources of diabetes distress in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Journal of diabetes and its complications

Fisher L, Polonsky WH, Hessler DM, Masharani U, Blumer I, Peters AL, Strycker LA, Bowyer V

Causal and bidirectional linkages over time between depression and diabetes regimen distress in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes research and clinical practice

Hessler D, Fisher L, Strycker LA, Arean PA, Bowyer V

Practice context affects efforts to improve diabetes care for primary care patients: a pragmatic cluster randomized trial.

Journal of general internal medicine

Dickinson LM, Dickinson WP, Nutting PA, Fisher L, Harbrecht M, Crabtree BF, Glasgow RE, West DR

Minimal intervention needed for change: definition, use, and value for improving health and health research.

Translational behavioral medicine

Glasgow RE, Fisher L, Strycker LA, Hessler D, Toobert DJ, King DK, Jacobs T

Practice facilitation to improve diabetes care in primary care: a report from the EPIC randomized clinical trial.

Annals of family medicine

Dickinson WP, Dickinson LM, Nutting PA, Emsermann CB, Tutt B, Crabtree BF, Fisher L, Harbrecht M, Gottsman A, West DR

Reductions in regimen distress are associated with improved management and glycemic control over time.

Diabetes care

Hessler D, Fisher L, Glasgow RE, Strycker LA, Dickinson LM, Arean PA, Masharani U

Age and glycemic control among low-income Latinos.

Journal of immigrant and minority health

Naranjo DM, Jacobs EA, Fisher L, Hessler D, Fernandez A

REDEEM: a pragmatic trial to reduce diabetes distress.

Diabetes care

Fisher L, Hessler D, Glasgow RE, Arean PA, Masharani U, Naranjo D, Strycker LA

Use of a website to accomplish health behavior change: if you build it, will they come? And will it work if they do?

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM

Dickinson WP, Glasgow RE, Fisher L, Dickinson LM, Christensen SM, Estabrooks PA, Miller BF

Changes in A1C levels are significantly associated with changes in levels of the cardiovascular risk biomarker hs-CRP: results from the SteP study.

Diabetes care

Schnell O, Amann-Zalan I, Jelsovsky Z, Moritz A, Bermejo JL, Parkin CG, Schweitzer MA, Fisher L, Polonsky WH

Journal of the American Board of Family Practice

Use of a web-site to accomplish health behavior change in primary care patients: If you build it will they come? And will it work if they do?

Dickinson, W.P., Glasgow, R.E., Fisher, L., Dickinson, L.M., Christensen, S.M., Estabrooks, P.A., Miller, B.F.

The impact of structured blood glucose testing on attitudes toward self-management among poorly controlled, insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes research and clinical practice

Fisher L, Polonsky WH, Parkin CG, Jelsovsky Z, Petersen B, Wagner RS

Use of RE-AIM to develop a multi-media facilitation tool for the patient-centered medical home.

Implementation science : IS

Glasgow RE, Dickinson P, Fisher L, Christiansen S, Toobert DJ, Bender BG, Dickinson LM, Jortberg B, Estabrooks PA

The impact of blood glucose monitoring on depression and distress in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.

Current medical research and opinion

Fisher L, Polonsky W, Parkin CG, Jelsovsky Z, Amstutz L, Wagner RS

Translational Behavioral Medicine

Challenges and lessons learned in the development and implementation of a couples-focused telephone intervention for adults with type 2 diabetes: The Diabetes Support Project.

Trief, PM, Sandberg J, Fisher L, Dimmock JA, Scales K, Hessler DM, Weinstock RS.

AASAP: a program to increase recruitment and retention in clinical trials.

Patient education and counseling

Fisher L, Hessler D, Naranjo D, Polonsky W

A structured self-monitoring of blood glucose approach in type 2 diabetes encourages more frequent, intensive, and effective physician interventions: results from the STeP study.

Diabetes technology & therapeutics

Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Schikman CH, Hinnen DA, Parkin CG, Jelsovsky Z, Axel-Schweitzer M, Petersen B, Wagner RS

Patients with type 2 diabetes at risk for major depressive disorder over time.

Annals of family medicine

Naranjo DM, Fisher L, Areán PA, Hessler D, Mullan J

Patient perspectives on once-weekly medications for diabetes.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism

Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Hessler D, Bruhn D, Best JH

Depression in diabetes: have we been missing something important?

Diabetes care

Gonzalez JS, Fisher L, Polonsky WH

Patient age: a neglected factor when considering disease management in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Patient education and counseling

Hessler DM, Fisher L, Mullan JT, Glasgow RE, Masharani U

Are patients' initial experiences at the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes associated with attitudes and self-management over time?

The Diabetes educator

Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Guzman S, Sieber WJ, Philis-Tsimikas A, Edelman SV

Patient perspectives on the role of weight management in type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes research and clinical practice

Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Hessler D

Test of an interactive voice response intervention to improve adherence to controller medications in adults with asthma.

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM

Bender BG, Apter A, Bogen DK, Dickinson P, Fisher L, Wamboldt FS, Westfall JM

Predicting diabetes distress in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal study.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association

Fisher L, Mullan JT, Skaff MM, Glasgow RE, Arean P, Hessler D

Daily negative mood affects fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes.

Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association

Skaff MM, Mullan JT, Almeida DM, Hoffman L, Masharani U, Mohr D, Fisher L

A longitudinal study of affective and anxiety disorders, depressive affect and diabetes distress in adults with Type 2 diabetes.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association

Fisher L, Skaff MM, Mullan JT, Arean P, Glasgow R, Masharani U

Development of a brief diabetes distress screening instrument.

Annals of family medicine

Fisher L, Glasgow RE, Mullan JT, Skaff MM, Polonsky WH

Clinical depression versus distress among patients with type 2 diabetes: not just a question of semantics.

Diabetes care

Fisher L, Skaff MM, Mullan JT, Arean P, Mohr D, Masharani U, Glasgow R, Laurencin G

Problem solving and diabetes self-management: investigation in a large, multiracial sample.

Diabetes care

Glasgow RE, Fisher L, Skaff M, Mullan J, Toobert DJ

Eight tips for managing diabetes distress.

Diabetes self-management

Fisher L

Type 2 diabetes in adolescents. How to recognize and treat this growing problem.

Postgraduate medicine

Laurencin MG, Goldschmidt R, Fisher L

Psychological insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes: the scope of the problem.

Diabetes care

Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Guzman S, Villa-Caballero L, Edelman SV

The effectiveness of family interventions in people with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association

Armour TA, Norris SL, Jack L, Zhang X, Fisher L

Assessing psychosocial distress in diabetes: development of the diabetes distress scale.

Diabetes care

Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Earles J, Dudl RJ, Lees J, Mullan J, Jackson RA

Family and disease management in African-American patients with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes care

Chesla CA, Fisher L, Mullan JT, Skaff MM, Gardiner P, Chun K, Kanter R

Disease management advice provided to African-American and Chinese-American patients with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes care

Fisher L, Skaff MM, Chesla CA, Chun KM, Mullan JT, Kanter RA, Gardiner PS

Patient-appraised couple emotion management and disease management among Chinese American patients with type 2 diabetes.

Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)

Fisher L, Chesla CA, Chun KM, Skaff MM, Mullan JT, Kanter RA, Gardiner PS

Family predictors of disease management over one year in Latino and European American patients with type 2 diabetes.

Family process

Chesla CA, Fisher L, Skaff MM, Mullan JT, Gilliss CL, Kanter R

Depression and anxiety among partners of European-American and Latino patients with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes care

Fisher L, Chesla CA, Skaff MM, Mullan JT, Kanter RA

Contributors to depression in Latino and European-American patients with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes care

Fisher L, Chesla CA, Mullan JT, Skaff MM, Kanter RA

Psychosocial therapies in diabetes: report of the Psychosocial Therapies Working Group.

Diabetes care

Delamater AM, Jacobson AM, Anderson B, Cox D, Fisher L, Lustman P, Rubin R, Wysocki T

The continuing HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men.

American journal of public health

Catania JA, Osmond D, Stall RD, Pollack L, Paul JP, Blower S, Binson D, Canchola JA, Mills TC, Fisher L, Choi KH, Porco T, Turner C, Blair J, Henne J, Bye LL, Coates TJ

The family and disease management in Hispanic and European-American patients with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes care

Fisher L, Chesla CA, Skaff MM, Gilliss C, Mullan JT, Bartz RJ, Kanter RA, Lutz CP

Disease management status: a typology of Latino and Euro-American patients with type 2 diabetes.

Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.)

Fisher L, Chesla CA, Skaff MA, Gilliss C, Kanter RA, Lutz CP, Bartz RJ

The family and type 2 diabetes: a framework for intervention.

The Diabetes educator

Fisher L, Chesla CA, Bartz RJ, Gilliss C, Skaff MA, Sabogal F, Kanter RA, Lutz CP

Family process in health research: extending a family typology to a new cultural context.

Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association

Fisher L, Soubhi H, Mansi O, Paradis G, Gauvin L, Potvin L

The California Family Health Project: VI. Multidomain analyses.

Family process

Fisher L, Ranson DC, Terry HE

Families of homosexual men: their knowledge and support regarding sexual orientation and HIV disease.

The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice

Fisher L, Goldschmidt RH, Hays RB, Catania JA

The California Family Health Project: V. Family problem solving and adult health.

Family process

Ransom DC, Locke E, Terry HE, Fisher L

The California Family Health Project: I. Introduction and a description of adult health.

Family process

Fisher L, Ransom DC, Terry HE, Lipkin M, Weiss R

Alternative strategies for creating "relational" family data.

Family process

Fisher L, Kokes RF, Ransom DC, Phillips SL, Rudd P

Parental communication deviance as a predictor of competence in children at risk for adult psychiatric disorder.

Family process

Doane JA, Jones JE, Fisher L, Ritzler B, Singer MT, Wynne LC

WISC scatter and behavioral competence in high-risk children.

Journal of clinical psychology

Greenwald DF, Harder DW, Fisher L

Family interaction in free play and children's social competence.

Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development

Cole RE, Baldwin AL, Baldwin CP, Fisher L

Parent psychopathology and child functioning among sons at risk for psychological disorder.

Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development

Harder D, Kokes RF, Fisher L, Cole RE, Perkins P

School functioning of children at risk for behavioral pathology.

Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development

Fisher L, Harder D, Kokes RF, Schwartzman P

The role of family interaction in mediating the effect of parental pathology upon the school functioning of the child.

Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development

Baldwin AL, Cole RE, Baldwin CP, Fisher L, Harder DW, Kokes RF

Child Competence and psychiatric risk. VI. Summary and integration of findings.

The Journal of nervous and mental disease

Fisher L, Kokes RF, Harder DW, Jones JE

Child competence and psychiatric risk. I. Model and method.

The Journal of nervous and mental disease

Fisher L

Child competence and psychiatric risk. III. Comparisons based on diagnosis of hospitalized parent.

The Journal of nervous and mental disease

Fisher L, Harder DW, Kokes RF

Child competence and psychiatric risk. V. Sex of patient parent and dimensions of psychopathology.

The Journal of nervous and mental disease

Kokes RF, Harder DW, Fisher L, Strauss JS

On the impossibility of overriding the influence of the family.

American journal of diseases of children (1960)

Fisher L

Planning for the next generation of risk studies.

Schizophrenia bulletin

Fisher L, Jones FH

On the classification of families. A progress report.

Archives of general psychiatry

Fisher L

Developmental aspects of auditory and visual scanning.

Perceptual and motor skills

Fisher L, Rubenstein G

Sensory integration and single-modality scanning.

Perceptual and motor skills

Fisher L, Rubenstein G

The concept of role assignment in family therapy.

International journal of group psychotherapy

Fisher L, Warren RC

Attention deficit in brain damaged children.

American journal of mental deficiency

Fisher L